Identify by airplane characteristics

The Broussard is a sort of French DHC-2 Beaver, but then with an H-tail. The vertical fins almost only point up. Also the aircraft has large rectangular cabin windows.

The iconic Phantom II has at least three distinctive features: the outer wings pointing a bit up (due to the larger dihedral), the long narrow air intakes and horizontal stabilisers with a significant anhedral (pointing down).

This aircraft was the competitor of the Lockheed Jetstar in the USAF UCX/UTX programme, which the McDonnell lost. It is about the same size as the Jetstar and therefore much smaller than other aircraft with low sept wings and four jet engines under the wings.

The main characteristics of the DC-9 and MD-80/90 series are the single eyebrow window above the normal cockpit windows, slender wings with triangular flap fairings and an air intake at the base of the vertical stabiliser. The main differences between subtypes are the fuselage length and/or engines, meaning different nacelles.
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This large fighter/bomber aircraft has two main recognition points, namely the triangular air intakes in the wing roots and the low T-tail. The two engine exhausts are slightly in front of the tail, before the end of the fuselage.

This US Navy fighter is best recognised by the long narrow air intakes below the canopy, that follow the contour of the fuselage. The exhaust underneath the rear fuselage is already before the tail. Being a carrier-based fighter it has the typical nose high, tail low pose when on the ground.

The smallest jet fighter ever built is basically an engine nacelle with canopy on top, small swept wings with a sort of winglets, a butterfly tail and two ventral fins.

This large cargo aircraft is of similar size as the Ilyushin 76 and the Xian Y-20, but smaller than the Lockheed C-5 Galaxy. The C-17 is the only of these aircraft with winglets, which gives you an advantage for easy recognition. Also typical for the C-17 is vertical stabiliser, which appears to be wider at the top than at the bottom.

Compared to the Lockheed TriStar the DC-10/MD-11 is recognisable by the rear engine. The DC-10 and MD-11 have the engine in the tail, with a straight inlet, while the TriStar has it in the tailcone using an S-shaped inlet. 

The Bf109 has a liquid cooled engine in the front and a main landing gear that retracts outward in the wing. It has trape­zoidal wings and a cockpit with many flat panels. The top is flush with the top of the rear fuselage. The horizontal stabilisers are mounted on the vertical stabiliser, giving the Bf109 a cruciform tail.